References

References

    1. Chin LJ, Ratner E, Leng S, et al. A SNP in a let-7 microRNA complementary site in the KRAS 3' untranslated region increases non-small cell lung cancer risk. Cancer Res. 2008;68(20):8535-8540. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2129.
    2. Ratner E, Lu L, Boeke M, et al. A KRAS-variant in ovarian cancer acts as a genetic marker of cancer risk. Cancer Res. 2010;70(16):6509-6515. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0689.
    3. Paranjape T, Heneghan H, Lindner R, et al. A 3'-untranslated region KRAS variant and triple-negative breast cancer: a case-control and genetic analysis [published correction appears in Lancet Oncol. 2011 Jun;12(6):522]. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(4):377-386. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70044-4.
    4. Pilarski R, Patel DA, Weitzel J, et al. The KRAS-variant is associated with risk of developing double primary breast and ovarian cancer. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37891. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037891.
    5. Kazmi HR, Chandra A, Kumar S, et al. A let-7 microRNA binding site polymorphism in the KRAS 3'UTR is associated with increased risk and reduced survival for gallbladder cancer in North Indian population. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2016;142(12):2577-2583. doi:10.1007/s00432-016-2254-9.
    6. Gutiérrez-Malacatt H, Ayala-Sanchez M, Aquino-Ortega X, et al. The rs61764370 Functional Variant in the KRAS Oncogene is Associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Risk in Women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(4):2265-2270. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2265.
    7. McVeigh TP, Jung SY, Kerin MJ, et al. Estrogen withdrawal, increased breast cancer risk and the KRAS-variant. Cell Cycle. 2015;14(13):2091-2099. doi:10.1080/15384101.2015.1041694.
    8. NCI Dictionary of Genetics terms. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/genetics-dictionary/def/variant. Accessed September 29, 2022.
    9. The genetics of cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics. Accessed September 29, 2022.
    10. Genetics. https://www.breastcancer.org/risk/risk-factors/genetics#section-other-genes. Accessed September 30, 2022.
    11. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Chien S. Targeting the KRAS mutation for more effective cancer treatment. MD Anderson Cancer Center. https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/targeting-the-kras-mutation-for-more-effective-cancer-treatment.h00-159458478.html. Published February 12, 2021. Accessed September 30, 2022.
    12. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333. doi:10.1001/jama.288.3.321.
    13. Gambacciani M, Levancini M. Hormone replacement therapy and the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Prz Menopauzalny. 2014;13(4):213-220. doi:10.5114/pm.2014.44996.
    14. Compton J, van Amelsvoort T, Murphy D. HRT and its effect on normal ageing of the brain and dementia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;52(6):647-653. doi:10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01492.x.
    15. Sanghvi MM, Aung N, Cooper JA, et al. The impact of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on cardiac structure and function: Insights from the UK Biobank imaging enhancement study. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0194015. Published 2018 Mar 8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194015.
    16. Cold S, Cold F, Jensen MB, Cronin-Fenton D, Christiansen P, Ejlertsen B. Systemic or Vaginal Hormone Therapy After Early Breast Cancer: A Danish Observational Cohort Study [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jul 20]. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022;djac112. doi:10.1093/jnci/djac112.
    17. Larsen MJ, Thomassen M, Gerdes AM, Kruse TA. Hereditary breast cancer: clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 2014;8:145-155. Published 2014 Oct 15. doi:10.4137/BCBCR.S18715
    18. Ramus SJ, Gayther SA. The contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to ovarian cancer. Mol Oncol. 2009;3(2):138-150. doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2009.02.001.
    19. Central dogma. Genome.gov. https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Central-Dogma. Accessed September 30, 2022.
    20. MicroRNA - what it is and how it works: OSUCCC - James. The James - OSUCCC. https://cancer.osu.edu/microrna. Accessed September 30, 2022.
    21. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/hereditary-breast-and-ovarian-cancer. Published September 15, 2022. Accessed September 30, 2022.
    22. Ratner ES, Keane FK, Lindner R, et al. A KRAS variant is a biomarker of poor outcome, platinum chemotherapy resistance and a potential target for therapy in ovarian cancer. Oncogene. 2012;31(42):4559-4566. doi:10.1038/onc.2011.539.
    23. Weidhaas JB, Harris J, Schaue D, et al. The KRAS-Variant and Cetuximab Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(4):483-491. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5478.
    24. BRCA gene mutations: Cancer risk and Genetic Testing Fact Sheet. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet. Accessed September 30, 2022.
    25. Caiola E, Rulli E, Fruscio R, Buda A, Broggini M, Marabese M. KRas-LCS6 polymorphism does not impact on outcomes in ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2012;2(3):298-308.
    26. Graziano F, Canestrari E, Loupakis F, et al. Genetic modulation of the Let-7 microRNA binding to KRAS 3'-untranslated region and survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with salvage cetuximab-irinotecan. Pharmacogenomics J. 2010;10(5):458-464. doi:10.1038/tpj.2010.9.
    27. Zhang W, Winder T, Ning Y, et al. A let-7 microRNA-binding site polymorphism in 3'-untranslated region of KRAS gene predicts response in wild-type KRAS patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab monotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(1):104-109. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq315.
    28. Ruzzo A, Canestrari E, Galluccio N, Santini D, Vincenzi B, Tonini G, Magnani M, Graziano F. Role of KRAS let-7 LCS6 SNP in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2011 Jan;22(1):234-5. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdq472. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
    29. Zhang W, Labonte MJ, Lenz HJ. (20111). KRAS let-7 LCS6 SNP predicts cetuximab efficacy in KRASwt metastatic colorectal cancer patients: Does treatment combination partner matter? Ann Oncol. 2011 Feb;22(2):484-5. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdq704. Epub 2011 Jan 28.
    30. Smits KM, Paranjape T, Nallur S, Wouters KA, Weijenberg MP, Schouten LJ, van den Brandt PA, Bosman FT, Weidhaas JB, van Engeland M. (2011). A let-7 microRNA SNP in the KRAS 3'UTR is prognostic in early-stage colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Dec 15;17(24):7723-31. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0990. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
    31. Ruzzo A, Graziano F, Vincenzi B, Canestrari E, Perrone G, Galluccio N, Catalano V, Loupakis F, Rabitti C, Santini D, Tonini G, Fiorentini G, Rossi D, Falcone A, Magnani M. (2012). High let-7a microRNA levels in KRAS-mutated colorectal carcinomas may rescue anti-EGFR therapy effects in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic disease. Oncologist. 2012;17(6):823-9. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0081. Epub 2012 May 14.
    32. Ryan BM, Robles AI, Harris CC. (2012). KRAS-LCS6 genotype as a prognostic marker in early-stage CRC--letter. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jun 15;18(12):3487-8; author reply 3489. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0250. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
    33. Kjersem JB, Ikdahl T, Guren T, Skovlund E, Sorbye H, Hamfjord J, Pfeiffer P, Glimelius B, Kersten C, Solvang H, Tveit KM, Kure EH. (2012). Let-7 miRNA-binding site polymorphism in the KRAS 3'UTR; colorectal cancer screening population prevalence and influence on clinical outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin +/- cetuximab. BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 20;12:534. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-534.
    34. Sebio A, Paré L, Páez D, Salazar J, González A, Sala N, del Río E, Martín-Richard M, Tobeña M, Barnadas A, Baiget M. (2013). The LCS6 polymorphism in the binding site of let-7 microRNA to the KRAS 3'-untranslated region: its role in the efficacy of anti-EGFR-based therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2013 Mar;23(3):142-7. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32835d9b0b.
    35. Sha D, Lee AM, Shi Q, Alberts SR, Sargent DJ, Sinicrope FA, Diasio RB. (2014). Association study of the let-7 miRNA-complementary site variant in the 3' untranslated region of the KRAS gene in stage III colon cancer (NCCTG N0147 Clinical Trial). Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jun 15;20(12):3319-27. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0069. Epub 2014 Apr 11.
    36. Langevin SM, Christensen BC. (2014). Let-7 microRNA-binding-site polymorphism in the 3'UTR of KRAS and colorectal cancer outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2014 Oct;3(5):1385-95. doi: 10.1002/cam4.279. Epub 2014 Jun 2. Review.
    37. Saridaki Z, Weidhaas JB, Lenz HJ, Laurent-Puig P, Jacobs B, De Schutter J, De Roock W, Salzman DW, Zhang W, Yang D, Pilati C, Bouché O, Piessevaux H, Tejpar S. (2014). A let-7 microRNA-binding site polymorphism in KRAS predicts improved outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with salvage cetuximab/panitumumab monotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 1;20(17):4499-510. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0348.
    38. Nelson HH, Christensen BC, Plaza SL, Wiencke JK, Marsit CJ, Kelsey KT. (2009). KRAS mutation, KRAS-LCS6 polymorphism, and non-small cell lung cancer.Lung Cancer. 2010 Jul;69(1):51-3. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.09.008. Epub 2009 Oct 24.
    39. Ganzinelli M, Rulli E, Caiola E, Garassino MC, Broggini M, Copreni E, Piva S, Longo F, Labianca R, Bareggi C, Fabbri MA, Martelli O, Fagnani D, Locatelli MC, Bertolini A, Valmadre G, Pavese I, Calcagno A, Sarobba MG, Marabese M. (2015). Role of KRAS-LCS6 polymorphism in advanced NSCLC patients treated with erlotinib or docetaxel in second line treatment (TAILOR). Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 17;5:16331. doi: 10.1038/srep16331.
    40. Santiago MB, DE Lima Marson FA, Secolin R, Ribeiro JD, Lima CS, Bertuzzo CS. (2014). SLC23A2-05 (rs4987219) and KRAS-LCS6 (rs61764370) polymorphisms in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncol Lett. 2014 Jun;7(6):1803-1811. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
    41. Chung CH, Lee JW, Slebos RJ, Howard JD, Perez J, Kang H, Fertig EJ, Considine M, Gilbert J, Murphy BA, Nallur S, Paranjape T, Jordan RC, Garcia J, Burtness B, Forastiere AA, Weidhaas JB. (2014). A 3'-UTR KRAS-variant is associated with cisplatin resistance in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2014 Nov;25(11):2230-6. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdu367. Epub 2014 Jul 31. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2015 May;26(5):1038-9.
    42. Grant MD, Marbella A, Wang AT, et al. Menopausal Symptoms: Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); March 2015.
    43.  

Disclaimer

Any discussion of medical management options on this website is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute a medical recommendation. All medical management decisions should be made based on consultation between each patient and his or her healthcare professional.

arrow up to top